GBR

1. Preoperative Preparation

   • Consultation and Examination: Detailed consultation with the doctor to discuss the treatment plan, along with X-rays or CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography) to assess bone defects.
   • Disinfection and Anesthesia: Use mouthwash (such as 0.12% chlorhexidine) for oral disinfection, followed by local anesthesia injections to reduce pain during the procedure.

2. Surgical Stage

   • Incision of the Gingiva: Make a horizontal incision at the middle of the alveolar ridge, slightly towards the palatal side, and a vertical incision near the mesial and distal sides to the buccal side. Lift the full-thickness soft tissue flap, remove any residual soft tissue from the bone surface to fully expose the implant site.
   • Implant Placement: After assessing the local alveolar bone conditions and confirming the site is suitable for implant placement, proceed with stepwise preparation of the osteotomy site and implant the dental implant, ensuring good initial stability of the implant.

3. Bone Grafting and Membrane Placement

   • Bone Grafting: Measure and assess the extent and size of the surrounding bone defects, and create bleeding bone surfaces by drilling to encourage bone formation.
   • Membrane Coverage: Choose an appropriate membrane (such as resorbable or non-resorbable titanium mesh), trim it to fit the bone defect area, and cover the grafted bone. Shape the membrane to ensure its edges extend beyond the bone defect area, and secure it with membrane pins or covering screws.

4. Suturing and Postoperative Care

   • Suturing: Cut the soft tissue flap and perform a mattress stitch and interrupted sutures under tension-free conditions to close the surgical site.
   • Postoperative Care: Administer antibiotics and pain relievers to prevent infection and reduce pain. Use mouthwash (such as chlorhexidine) for oral hygiene, maintaining this for a period (e.g., 2 weeks) post-surgery.

5. Postoperative Recovery and Follow-Up

   • Recovery Care: Follow the doctor’s instructions for postoperative care, such as avoiding irritating foods and maintaining oral hygiene. The original dentures should not be worn for a period (e.g., 2 weeks) after the surgery; they can be used only after full healing with proper support over the implant area.
   • Regular Follow-Up: Schedule regular check-ups and X-ray exams to monitor bone regeneration. Any issues such as soft tissue flap dehiscence, membrane exposure, or infection should be promptly addressed.

6. Second Surgery and Restoration

   • Second Surgery: After 6-8 months, once the implant has successfully integrated with the jawbone, a second surgery is performed to connect the abutment and place a temporary restoration.
   • Artificial Tooth Creation and Placement: Customized artificial teeth are fabricated based on the patient’s condition, fine-tuned for a perfect fit, and finally installed, completing the restoration.

The entire GBR procedure requires meticulous attention to detail and close cooperation between the patient and the doctor to ensure a successful surgery and a smooth recovery.